Peripheral arterial disease is the result of atherosclerosis or “hardening” of the arteries, commonly due to a combination of smoking and genetics. Atherosclerotic plaque obstructs the flow through the artery, thereby reducing blood flow and nutrients to the lower leg. There are three conditions that commonly result
1. Claudication – a cramping sensation in the buttock, thigh, or calves. Treatments include medical therapies, lifestyle modification, smoking cessation, exercise, and, in rare circumstances, surgery.
2. Rest Pain – a burning or throbbing pain in the foot, often worse at night when trying to sleep. This can be a sign of impending, permanent damage to the leg. A referral to our vascular surgery team is important so that a proper workup can be performed.
3. Ulceration/Gangrene – ulcers on the toes and/or feet that do not heal within two weeks. Severely damaged blood flow may lead to ulcers that do not have enough oxygen or nutrients to form new skin. In extreme cases, this can lead to infection and/or gangrene.
Hardening of the arteries, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), are all synonyms for atherosclerosis,
PAD is the result from atherosclerotic plaque that obstructs the arteries in the legs thereby depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients.